Understanding the psychological therapy treatment outcomes for young adults who are not in education, employment, or training (NEET), moderators of outcomes, and what might be done to improve them.

BACKGROUND: To determine: whether young adults (aged 18-24) not in education, employment or training (NEET) have different psychological treatment outcomes to other young adults; any socio-demographic or treatment-related moderators of differential outcomes; and whether service-level changes are associated with better outcomes for those who are NEET. METHODS: A cohort was formed of 20 293 young adults treated with psychological therapies in eight Improving Access to Psychological Therapies services. Pre-treatment characteristics, outcomes, and moderators of differential outcomes were compared for those who were and were not NEET. Associations between outcomes and the following were assessed for those that were NEET: missing fewer sessions, attending more sessions, having a recorded diagnosis, and waiting fewer days between referral and starting treatment. RESULTS: Those who were NEET had worse outcomes: odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] for reliable recovery = 0.68 (0.63-0.74), for deterioration = 1.41 (1.25-1.60), and for attrition = 1.31 (1.19-1.43). Ethnic minority participants that were NEET had better outcomes than those that were White and NEET. Living in deprived areas was associated with worse outcomes. The intensity of treatment (high or low) did not moderate outcomes, but having more sessions was associated with improved outcomes for those that were NEET: odds (per one-session increase) of reliable recovery = 1.10 (1.08-1.12), deterioration = 0.94 (0.91-0.98), and attrition = 0.68 (0.66-0.71). CONCLUSIONS: Earlier treatment, supporting those that are NEET to attend sessions, and in particular, offering them more sessions before ending treatment might be effective in improving clinical outcomes. Additional support when working with White young adults that are NEET and those in more deprived areas may also be important.

Role and needs of nurses in managing the mental health effects of COVID-19

Why you should read this article:• To acknowledge the adverse effects of COVID-19 on the mental health of service users and staff• To recognise signs and symptoms of mental health issues that may be caused by the COVID-19 pandemic• To locate external sources of mental health support in voluntary and professional organisationsIn December 2019, a new infectious respiratory disease was reported in China, which was subsequently identified as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and prompted a pandemic. At the time of writing an estimated 175 million people had contracted the disease resulting in over 3.8 million deaths worldwide.The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant adverse effects on the mental health of service users and healthcare professionals. Mental health professionals have had the responsibility of supporting others while potentially experiencing adverse effects of the pandemic on their own mental health. This article describes the pandemic’s effects on mental health and explores the role and needs of nurses in supporting the mental health of others.